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Endocrine disease

From Wikipedia

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Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.

Types of disease

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:[1]

  1. Endocrine gland hypofunction/hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)
  2. Endocrine gland hyperfunction/hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
  3. Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.[2]

List of diseases

Glucose homeostasis disorders

Thyroid disorders

Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease

Pituitary gland disorders

Posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary

Adrenal gland disorders

Sex hormone disorders

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

File:Multiple endocrine neoplasia.png
Multiple endocrine neoplasia types.

See also separate organs

Endocrine emergencies

In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.[7]

Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization).[8][9] It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.[10][11][12]

See also

References

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Template:Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism Template:Hypothalamic disease Template:Pituitary disease Template:Thyroid disease Template:Parathyroid disease Template:Adrenal gland disorder Template:Gonadal disorder Template:Growth disorder Template:Disorders involving multiple endocrine glands Template:Disease groups Template:Authority control

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