10th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:No footnotes Template:Infobox United States Congress
The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority. Template:TOC limit
Major events
- May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
- June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship Template:HMS captured and boarded the Template:USS.
- August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
- January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned
Stephen R. Bradley
Joseph B. Varnum
Major legislation
- December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5, Template:USStat
- March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24, Template:USStat
Territories organized
- February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory, Template:USStat
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
Template:US Congress party summary
Leadership
Senate
- President: George Clinton (DR)
- President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
- Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
- John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Template:Main Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
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House of Representatives
Template:Main The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change. Template:See also Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Georgia
(2)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Abraham Baldwin (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | George Jones (DR)
| August 27, 1807
|-
| Connecticut
(3)
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | Uriah Tracy (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | Chauncey Goodrich (F)
| October 25, 1807
|-
| Rhode Island
(2)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | James Fenner (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Elisha Mathewson (DR)
| October 26, 1807
|-
| Vermont
(1)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Israel Smith (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Jonathan Robinson (DR)
| October 10, 1807
|-
| Georgia
(2)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | George Jones (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | William H. Crawford (DR)
| November 7, 1807
|-
| Ohio
(1)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | John Smith (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR)
| December 12, 1808
|-
| Massachusetts
(1)
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Quincy Adams (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | James Lloyd (F)
| June 9, 1808
|-
| Pennsylvania
(1)
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Samuel Maclay (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Michael Leib (DR)
| January 9, 1809
|}
House of Representatives
Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.
Template:Main Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Calhoun (DR)
| Seated June 2, 1807
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | Nicholas Van Dyke (F)
| Seated October 6, 1807
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
| Seated September 16, 1807
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Culpepper (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | John Culpepper (F)
| Seated February 23, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Ezra Darby (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died January 27, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Adam Boyd (DR)
| Seated March 8, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Benjamin Parke
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1808
| Jesse B. Thomas
| October 22, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Clay (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 28, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Benjamin Say (DR)
| Seated November 16, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died April 15, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Joseph Story (DR)
| Seated May 23, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | David Thomas (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Nathan Wilson (DR)
| November 7, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | James Witherell (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Samuel Shaw (DR)
| Seated September 6, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Nehemiah Knight (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died June 13, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Federalist | Richard Jackson Jr. (F)
| Seated November 11, 1808
|-
| Template:Ushr
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | John Claiborne (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died October 9, 1808
| Template:Party shading/Democratic-Republican | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)
| Seated November 7, 1808
|}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
- Affairs with Algiers (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
- Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
- Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
- Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
- Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
- The Library (Chairman: N/A)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
- Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
- Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
- Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
- Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
- Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
- Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
- Reading Clerks: Template:Dm
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
- Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807
See also
- 1806 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1808 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)