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Ubon Ratchathani province

From Wikipedia

Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox settlement Template:Infobox settlement Ubon Ratchathani (Template:Langx, Template:IPA; Template:Langx, Template:IPA), often shortened to Ubon (Template:Lang), is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces. It lies in lower northeastern Thailand (also called Isan). Ubon is about Template:Convert from Bangkok.[1] Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Sisaket, Yasothon, and Amnat Charoen. To the north and east it borders Salavan and Champasak of Laos, to the south Preah Vihear of Cambodia.

History

The city was founded in the late 18th century by Thao Kham Phong, descendant of Phra Wo and Phra Ta, who escaped from King Siribunsan of Vientiane into Siam Kingdom during the reign of King Taksin the Great. Later Thao Kham Phong was appointed to be "Phra Pathum Wongsa," the first ruler of Ubon Ratchathani. In 1792, Ubon Ratchathani became a province, and was also the administrative center of the monthon Isan.

Until 1972, Ubon Ratchathani was the largest province of Thailand by area. Yasothon was split off from Ubon Ratchathani in 1972, followed by Amnat Charoen in 1993.

Before it became a province. Ubon Ratchathani was the administrative center of the monthon Isan, of which monthon Ubon was split off. In 1925 it became part of monthon Nakhon Ratchasima, with the abolishment of the monthon in 1933 the province became a first level subdivision of the country.

Symbols

The provincial seal shows a lotus flower in a pond. This alludes to the meaning of the name of the province, which translates to 'royal city of the lotus flower'. The provincial flower is the lotus (Nymphaea lotus). The provincial tree is the Yang-na (Dipterocarpus alatus). Black-eared catfish (Pangasius larnaudii) is the provincial aquatic animal.

Economy

Ubon Ratchathani's economy is largely agricultural. It is the nation's leading rice-producing province. It earns more than 10 billion baht a year from rice sales.[2] It is also an important grower of casava.

Around 50% of the workforce in Ubon Ratchathani are in the agricultural sector.

It also generates billions of baht from manufacturing.

Ubon Ratchathani is also along the Meekong with a major crossing into Laos at Chongmek. It also borders Cambodia. This makes it important for both trade and as a tourism gateway.

Geography

At Khong Chiam the Mun River, the biggest river of the Khorat Plateau, joins the Mekong, which forms the northeastern boundary of Thailand with Laos. It is called "Maenam Song Si" or the "Mun River alluvium" because the brown water from Mekong River mixes with the blue water of the Mun. It is about Template:Convert from Ubon Ratchathani city centre.[3]

The area in the Dângrêk Mountains where the borders of the three countries, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia meet is promoted as the "Emerald Triangle", in contrast to the "Golden Triangle" in the north of Thailand. "Emerald" refers to the largely intact monsoon forests there. The total forest area is Template:Convert or 18 percent of provincial area.[4]

National parks

Ubon Ratchathani boasts the following national parks:

  • Phu Chong–Na Yoi National Park is in the mountainous southern region of the province.[5]
  • Kaeng Tana National Park is in Khong Chiam District.[6]
  • Pha Taem National Park, plateaus and hills dominate the park landscape. The sheer cliffs here are a result of earthquakes. The interesting places in the national park are Pha Taem and Pha Kham. On the cliffs surfaces are numerous prehistoric cave paintings from 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. These paintings depict scenes of fishing, rice farming, figures of people, animals, hands and geometric designs that depict life during the pre-historic time and reflect the ancient lifestyle of the people who lived there.[7][8]

There are four national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani) of Thailand's protected areas. (Visitors in fiscal year 2024)[9]

Phu Chong–Na Yoi National Park   Template:Convert   (127,443)
Pha Taem National Park Template:Convert (166,375)
Khao Phra Wihan National Park Template:Convert (186,276)
Kaeng Tana National Park   Template:Convert   (29,773)

Wildlife sanctuaries

There are two wildlife sanctuaries, along with four other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani) of Thailand's protected areas.

Buntharik–Yot Mon Wildlife Sanctuary   Template:Convert
Yot Dom Wildlife Sanctuary Template:Convert

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Health

The main hospital of Ubon Ratchathani province is Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital.

Transportation

Air

Template:Main Ubon Ratchathani is served by Ubon Ratchathani Airport.

Rail

Ubon Ratchathani Railway Station is the main railway station in Ubon Ratchathani.

Education

File:UBU Gate.jpg
Ubon Ratchathani University Gate, Warin Chamrap District

Ubon Ratchathani province is the home of Ubon Ratchathani University. Template:Clear

Administrative divisions

File:Districts Ubon Ratchathani.svg
Map of twenty five districts

Provincial government

The province is divided into 25 districts (amphoe). The districts are further divided into 219 subdistricts (tambons) and 2,469 villages (mubans).

1. Mueang Ubon Ratchathani
2. Si Mueang Mai
3. Khong Chiam
4. Khueang Nai
5. Khemarat
6. Det Udom
7. Na Chaluai
8. Nam Yuen
9. Buntharik
10. Trakan Phuet Phon
11. Kut Khaopun
12. Muang Sam Sip
13. Warin Chamrap
14. Phibun Mangsahan
15. Tan Sum
16. Pho Sai
17. Samrong
18. Don Mot Daeng
19. Sirindhorn
20. Thung Si Udom
21. Na Yia
22. Na Tan
23. Lao Suea Kok
24. Sawang Wirawong
25. Nam Khun

Municipalities

No. City/Town Thai Urban Population[10] Notes
1. Ubon Ratchathani เทศบาลนครอุบลราชธานี 79,023 Template:Center
2. Jaeramair เทศบาลเมืองแจระแม 11,092 Template:Center
3. Kham Yai เทศบาลตำบลขามใหญ่ 34,538 Template:Center
4. Warin Chamrap เทศบาลเมืองวารินชำราบ 28,154 Template:Center
5. Saen Suk เทศบาลตำบลแสนสุข 24,720 Template:Center
6. Det Udom เทศบาลเมืองเดชอุดม 14,264 Template:Center
7. Kud Prathay เทศบาลตำบลกุดประทาย 13,382
8. Kholaen เทศบาลตำบลคอแลน 12,703
9. Thep Wongsa เทศบาลตำบลเทพวงศา
10. Phibun Mangsahan เทศบาลเมืองพิบูลมังสาหาร 10,842 Template:Center
11. Pathum เทศบาลตำบลปทุม 10,505 Template:Center
12. Nong Phue เทศบาลตำบลหนองผือ 9,685
13. Trakan เทศบาลตำบลตระการ 9,082 Template:Center
14. Nam Yuen เทศบาลตำบลน้ำยืน 9,542
15. Kham Pom เทศบาลตำบลขามป้อม 9,209
16. Nikhom Sang Ton Eng Lum Dom Noi เทศบาลตำบลนิมคมสร้างตนเองลำโดมน้อย 7,538
17. Na Chaluay เทศบาลตำบลนาจะหลวย 7,470
18. Buangam เทศบาลตำบลบัวงาม 7,086
19. Na Yia เทศบาลตำบลนาเยีย 6,730
20. Khemmaratthani เทศบาลตำบลเขมราฐ 6,288
21. Ubon เทศบาลตำบลอุบล 6,101 Template:Center
22. Khuang Nai เทศบาลตำบลเขื่องใน 4,751
23. Buntharik เทศบาลตำบลบุณฑริก 4,607
24. Sri Muangmai เทศบาลตำบลศรีเมืองใหม่ 4,284
25. Kud Khaopun เทศบาลตำบลกุดข้าวปุ้น 4,124
26. Chongmek เทศบาลตำบลช่องเม็ก 3,628
27. Muang Sam Sip เทศบาลตำบลม่วงสามสิบ 3,358
28. Huai Khayung เทศบาลตำบลห้วยขะยูง 3,346
29. Ang Sila เทศบาลตำบลอ่างศิลา 3,304
30. Tansum เทศบาลตำบลตาลสุม 3,267
31. Na Suang เทศบาลตำบลนาส่วง 3,215
32. Phosai เทศบาลตำบลโพธิ์ไทร 3,100
33. ฺBaan Dan - Khong Chium เทศบาลตำบลบ้านด่านโขงเจียม 2,741
34. Hua Na เทศบาลตำบลหัวนา N/A
35. Muag Srikai เทศบาลตำบลเมืองศรีไค N/A Template:Center
36. That เทศบาลตำบลธาตุ N/A Template:Center

Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[11] one Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Administration Organisation (Template:Lang) and 60 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Ubon Ratchathani has city (thesaban nakhon) status. Chaeramae, Det Udom, Phibun Mangsahan and Warin Chamrap have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 54 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 179 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

Human achievement index 2022

Health Education Employment Income
File:Health icon Thai.png File:Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg File:Employment icon.png File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png
46 63 32 72
Housing Family Transport Participation
File:586-house-with-garden.svg
File:Parents, enfants, famille.png
 File:Groundtransport inv.svg File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png
24 4 61 53
Province Ubon Ratchathani, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6272 is "somewhat low", occupies place 60 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[12]

Rank Classification
  1–13 "High"
14–29 "Somewhat high"
30–45 "Average"
46–61 "Somewhat low"
62–77 "Low"

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Sister cities

Notable people

References

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  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named HAI 2565
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